What can you do if you think your child is being bullied? Smaller children are likely to tell, but often pre-teens won't readily admit it.

Bullying can take many forms - from bitchy comments to name calling, threats, shoving and ultimately assault. This can be devastating for pre-teens, who crave peer group acceptance.

Recognise the signs
Pre-teens often feel bullying is a sign of their own weakness and try to keep it a secret. Be alert for clues, like 'lost' money or possessions, frequently torn, muddy or lost clothing and unexplained bruises or scratches. Has she become withdrawn and anxious? Bullied children often fake illness to avoid school and their schoolwork deteriorates.

Talk about what's happening
Raise your concerns with her gently. She may be reluctant to volunteer information; if you were bullied as a child, it may help to share that with her. Try to get a clear picture of what she's facing, including specific incidents. Make it clear that bullying is a sign of the bully's own weakness and it's not her fault. Don't dismiss her fears - they may be valid - but try to stay calm. Reassure her that help is available.